100

In September, 2oo4, I started doing a time trial route on my bicycle, 23.4 kilometres of rolling rural scenery on Fruit Ridge Line.  The journey comes complete with a winery, whose delights I haven’t sampled on the way.  After all, gotta stay vertical on Ta-pocketa, my red and yellow road bike with the skinny tires.

I declared at one point that I would do my route 100 times.  Today was the day I achieved this.  I set out in the morning with a light heart.  I was doing what I said I’d do.  It was a hot ride, with some good headwind on the way home, and I pulled into the driveway in 1:02:19.  A warm something covered me as I sat at a table in the sun, gulping down my Gatorade.  I’d done it, and that’s a good thing, right?

Yes, it was a good thing.  Achievement has a valid place in my life.  I need to honour the consciousness that values moving from some type of deficit to fulfillment.  The world thoroughly believes in this process, and why should I, a nice little Buddhist guy, poo poo the whole thing?  I like the effort I’ve put into getting faster and stronger.  I like the muscle burn.  I like puffing up the hills.

There is another space, however, where doing well, getting better and pushing harder is irrelevant.  Not that it’s bad, but just not needed.  What is in the moment is just perfect, however it turns out.  Through much of my adult, bookreading life, I’ve strived for the big nirvanas, the beauty of the formless world rather than the one filled with people, places and things.  I’ve wanted Spirit to cast aside my thoughts, feelings and body sensations from their central position.

I’m starting to see that the realms of being and becoming are both fine spots to be.  The eternal present and the movement towards a destination can live together in me.  One hundred trips?  Both meaningful and meaningless.  I like both.

The last time I broke an hour for my time trial was on June 13, 2009.  I know there’ll  be a day in August or September when I go under 1:00:00 again.  I’ll stay open to both celebration and “just another moment, like any other”.  My life is richer in the embracing of each.

 

 

Fun

I use a simple test to see if I want to spend time with a certain person.  It’s totally non-scientific but has been remarkably accurate as a precursor to friendship.  After I’ve talked to him or her a couple of times, I start observing whether they ever use the word “fun”.  “Yes” means my kind of folks.  “No”, and I wonder whether we’d enjoy hanging out together down the road.

Here’s a delightful story about the Dalai Lama.  I might just mosey over to Tim Hortons with him for an herbal tea, if the opportunity ever presented itself.

***

My friend Sid once placed a Groucho Marx mask in a hotel room where the Dalai Lama would be staying during a visit to an Ivy League university.  It was a gesture of karmic abandon because, really, who could gauge the terrestrial and spiritual consequences of such an act?

So imagine this: a cascade of university bureaucrats arrayed in the Dalai Lama’s suite, waiting for their guest to appear.  They sit erect in armchairs designed for slouching.

Minutes pass and then a door flings open.  Unaccountably, Groucho Marx – wearing long, maroon robes and serious lace-up shoes – emerges, chuckling loudly, laughing so hard that tears come to his bespectacled eyes.

How do people react when a dignitary – especially of a spiritual kind – does something so, well, undignified?  Intrigued, I call up the university official in charge of the visits of the accomplished and the famous and the presidential.  She clearly is not a woman easily impressed.  How did she feel, I asked, at the Groucho Moment?  At first, she tells me, she didn’t know how to react.  And then she and everyone started to laugh at the wonderful absurdity of the situation, laughed with a joy and incaution uncharacteristic of people in their position.

The Dalai Lama didn’t care about maintaining his image.  He saw a chance for fun, for deflating others’ expectations, and he took it.  And he just somehow knew whom to thank.  Wagging his finger at Sid, he took off the mask, still laughing.  Even His Holiness needs a little Groucho in his life.

***

I know a fellow who:

-joshes with the cashiers and customers at the supermarket
-heads to Costco at Hallowe’en in full costume
-wears silly t-shirts (such as the picture of a bone accompanied by “I found this humerus”)
-applauds as he watches a concert from his family room couch
-yells down the sewer on the playground at recess for a kid to “Come up here immediately!”
-has named his fantasy children Dollop, Puce, Inkling and Squirm
-dances in a rather odd way, with his feet flying out in all directions

The guy’s sort of weird, but I like him.  He likes me too.

Life’s Ads

I was looking through The London Free Press this morning.  I’ve learned to ignore the ads but something made me glance at them this time.  Here are some choice enticements and my reflections on them:

***

Best Value

What exactly does that mean?  Is it the lowest price, the longevity of the product, or the admiration I’ll receive from others for making such a good consumer choice?  How important is it that I get the best one?  Won’t pretty darn good be good enough?  Plus I’m a regular guy.  I think a regular price will do.

Massive Blowout Sale

Sounds like a battlefield to me.  And the sale is best if it’s really big.  But do I want everything in my life to be Super Sized?  Do I need all of my experiences to blow me away, so that I can create for myself orgasm after orgasm of excitement?

Bring This Coupon!

If I don’t bring it, I’ll lose out.  My life won’t be as good if I don’t find every single advantage on the horizon.  One coupon is good.  Think about how happy I’d be if I threw myself into daily frenzies of coupon cutting.  Or just let it all go.

Undeniably Better Value Than Any Big Box Store

It’s crucial that I compare everything and everyone in my life.  Perhaps list the pros and cons of each choice.  Not to rest until I find the best.  Does that mean that I can’t just look at a fellow human being and see both their uniqueness and their universality, with no reference to other people?

I Feel So Good in My 100% Cotton PJs, Nighties and Robes

I’ll put something on, sort of like a magic cloak, and be content.  I’ll be sufficient if I obtain the proper set of add-ons.  But doesn’t sufficiency come from a far deeper place?

Prime Lots Are Going Fast!

There simply is no time to dawdle.  Missed opportunities are my lot in life if I don’t ramp up the intensity.  But I really enjoy sauntering, meandering, and getting a bit lost on the journey before finding myself again.

Satisfying Your Every Need

Maybe a new home, maybe a husband or wife.  I need this person so I can be happy.  I can fulfill myself only through them.  If they act in perfectly loving ways all of the time, I’ll be okay.

Find It Today!

I want what I want and I want to have it right now.  Delayed gratification is just not where it’s at.  But what about sensing my life as a journey, complete with its ups and downs, and letting it “unfold as it should”?  Can I embrace some struggle, some “on the way to”, some slow emerging from the cocoon?

Radiant Crossover

They were talking about a car but I believe radiance emerges by grace.  You can’t push for it.  It comes along naturally beside love.

***

I am sufficient
I am whole
I am complete

No Deficit

The idea was that I’d wake up this morning in Utica, New York, but it just didn’t turn out.  Many months ago, I registered for a ten-day retreat, from August 1st to 10th, at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts.  At that time, I didn’t know what Jody’s health would be like when August rolled around, but if I didn’t register early there’d be no way I could attend.  Jody is making remarkable progress in fighting her cancer but I need to be with her every day.  So a couple of weeks ago I cancelled the registration.

I’ve been to three previous retreats at IMS and I’ve loved the rhythm of my travelling to and from each time.  I take a day-and-a-half and drive on quiet paved roads through Southern Ontario, New York and Massachusetts to Barre.

I would have left Union yesterday, about 8:00 am.  As the time approached, and ever since, I’ve been fascinated by the smile gracing my face.  Does part of me wish that I was on the road to IMS?  Yes.  Am I sad that this isn’t happening?  Strangely, no.  I’m happy to be with my wife.  I’m smiling about the great memories I accumulated on the other trips.  As I sit here right now, I feel like an open window, and the breeze is blowing through.  Sublime and wondrous.  Still, do I want to go back to IMS?  Yes.  Would it be okay if I never did?  Yes again.  And one more time … how can that be?

Okay, Bruce – enough.  Time to stop the analysis and just bathe in the moonlight.

Here are the moments I’ve been happily reliving.  So much for the here and now, but that’s okay.  The reminiscing has made me happy.

Thursday, July 31

Setting off in Hugo for the great beyond.

Driving only the speed limit in Ontario on the way to Fort Erie and Buffalo.  Glad to see the trees, fields and animules.

Chatting with the US border guard in Buffalo.  I was looking forward to the contact.

Getting lost in Buffalo (every time) as I tried to blend from freeway to the slow but sure Highway 20.  Finding a Buffalonian to give me directions.

Bipping eastward along New York 20, without a care in the world.  Loving all the American flags I see on people’s houses.

Stretching to get to Seneca Falls near the Finger Lakes before 2:00, when a cute greasy spoon on Main Street closes at the end of lunch.  Success rate: 1 out of 3.  Good conversation with the owner and the waitress.

LIngering a bit at a gift shop in downtown Skaneateles (pronounced “Skinny Atlas”) at the head of one of the Finger Lakes.  More good talk.

Turning north off 20 at Bridgewater, heading to nearby Utica.  I always take the downtown exit and always get marginally lost before I find the street containing Denny’s, Babe Macaroni’s, and the Red Roof Inn.  It’s fun, actually.

Unpacking at the Red Roof, far from any ice machine.  Just me and my room.

Haltingly, I locate the Utica train station, with its marble pillars and high ceilings.  This holds the only pay phones I’ve been able to find in town.  I phone Jodiette and have fun telling her of the day’s adventures.  One time a wedding reception filled the station.  Jody loved my descriptions of the glittering celebrants.

Off to supper at Babe Macaroni’s, your basic fun roadhouse.  Pigged out on a burger or some such, a large beer and big screen sports.

Walked downtown to see what was happening.  Most places were closed, which was fine.  Felt a teensy bit like a Utica resident.

Back to my room.  Pooped.  And so to bed.

Friday, August 1

Up early, shower and shave, short walk to Denny’s for breckie.  On the way, leaned over the bridge to check out the sparse traffic on the canal.

Lots of food, including yummy fruit.  Always a friendly server.  Talked a little about meditation to one of them.

Off Hugo and I go into the wild blue yonder eastward.  Hills getting higher, traffic stays easy going.  It’s all lovely.

I arrive at the western edge of Albany, New York.  I avoid the freeway that skirts the city and point my nose downtown.  Gorgeous century homes on either side.  And … I always get lost.  Just can’t seem to find my way across the river to Troy and beyond.  Love it.  There’s always some helpful New Yorker to show me the way.

Hugo climbs the western slopes of the Berkshire Mountains in a low gear, till we crest at the border of Massachusetts.  Treed right to the top, those mountains.  I look for James Taylor on the roadside but never locate him.

At a hairpin turn above the movie-settish North Adams, I wave hello to the Golden Eagle Restaurant, which offers a “way down there” view from its balcony.  On my return trip west, I’ll definitely be having a broad view of life as I eat supper there.

Curvy road by a lake, lots of big trees, as I wind my way towards Barre.

I roll into the town common and saunter over to the window offering a huge bell for customers to ring.  And I just have to ring it!  Order a Moose Tracks waffle cone and settle down on a park bench for slow licking and contemplation of the next ten days.

At around 3:00 pm (today!) I drive three miles up Pleasant Street to find an old mansion on my right, the home of the Insight Meditation Society.  Home indeed.

Right now, it’s about 11:00 pm.  In my reminiscing life, I’ll have enjoyed an evening talk given by one of the teachers, sipped my tea on a moonlit bench outside the front door, and toddled off to bed.  Sleeping softly right now, I’d wager.

It’s as if I’m there, so very much there.  And it’s truly okay that I’m not.

All the World’s People in My Home (Part Two)

I’m in a definite to-be-continued mode from yesterday, so here goes.  Last night, I tackled the project called “Find enough small objects to represent every person on Earth and then meditate on us all.”  Send love to every human being on our fair planet.

After I had got about half of my wayward thimble full of those tiny seeds, I had a much delayed brain wave: “Just fill the thimble, pour the seeds onto the tablecloth, and use my trusty knife to count them.”  I asked my brain sincerely why it hadn’t taken this approach earlier, but the collective cerebral cells had nothing to say.

You’ll be happy to know that my thimble holds 667 mustard seeds.  So … take soup bowl one, empty the bag into it (plus the display now adorning the tablecloth), and transfer the contents to soup bowl two using said thimble.  With a rare and precious fine motor ability, I completed the task.  One package of mustard seeds holds 139,480 of the little darlings.  (For the detail-intoxicated in the crowd, I dropped 209 level thimblesful into bowl two, with 77 lonely nubbins left over.)

Now, time for higher mathematics.  I found a website that purports to give a real time estimate of the world’s population.  I was stunned to see that we social types are giving birth about 2.5 times per second.  I had to call a halt somewhere so I declared the population of the world to be 7,250,466,704.  (Don’t worry – you’re included.)  By the powers of division, my laptop’s calculator told me that I’d need 51,982 bags of mustard seed to complete my order.  At $1.99 a bag, that came to the sweet total of $103,444.43.  But don’t fret … there’s no tax on bulk food items in Canada.

Being somewhat hesitant to tell Jody about this investment in the future of mankind, I chose to set a more modest target.  How about the population of Canada?  Okay.  35,163,430 / 139,480 = 252 bags x $1.99 = $501.48, a figure that surely would meet with Jody’s approval.

Upon further reflection, and a nervous glance at our chequebook, I let that one go too.  My current plan is to head back to the Asian market, buy seven more bags, pour all of it into the large glass bowl, and run my fingers through 1,000,000 of our planet’s residents.  That will have to do.

I’m pretty convinced that Jody thinks I’m perfectly sane.  Well … perhaps imperfectly sane.  As for me, I’m really not sure.

 

All the World’s People in My Home (Part One)

Today Jody, Linda and I went to an Asian market in North London.  Jody and I had never been there before.  We found ourselves surrounded by culinary exotica, such as an aquarium jam-packed with tilapia fish; a veggie called a drumstick, which was two feet long and very narrow; a package of chocolate rice porridge; and another one of crispy spiral rice strings.  New is good.

Down one aisle of various seeds, nuts and noodles, I spotted a clear bag of mustard seeds.  No thought made me stop, but stop I did.  I stared at the perfect little kernels, and it took a minute or so for me to get what I was staring about: the population of the world.  That’s logical, isn’t it?

Last year, I decided to meditate on all the people in the world.  And so began a search for a substance representing all those folks, and a bowl to hold them in.  I finally found a clear glass bowl about 14 inches in diameter that I knew would work.  As for the contents, I headed to a bulk food store for inspiration.  Nothing doing.  So I tried a gardening centre.  There I found a big bag of an aggregate – tiny pieces of something.  And into the bowl the stuff went.

I ran my fingers through at least 50,000 people but it didn’t ring true.  I couldn’t see them as human beings.  So the lovely bowl just sat beside my meditation chair for months with no one opening his heart to all those pieces of crushed rock.

And then there’s today.  I set the bag of seeds on the dining room table and cogitated upon what implements I’d need to open the secrets of the universe.  I decided on an old film canister (inside the roll said “Kodak Gold 220 35 mm film” -such a blast from the past); a straight-edged knife; two big soup bowls; a small dessert cup; a kitchen funnel; and later … a thimble.  I spread a whole bunch of seeds onto the tablecloth and started separating them, two by two, with the knife.  Plop went each pair into one of the big bowls.

Jody was sitting at the table too, using a nutcracker to get a bag of pistachios opened.  She looked at me and asked, “Bruce, what are you doing?”  “Creating the world’s population.”  Her look in response was one of fascinated incredulity.  Jody then returned to cracking, and me to plopping.

When I got to one hundred of the little darlings, I poured them into the dessert cup, and from there via funnel into the film canister.  Peering inside, I noted that the seeds barely covered the bottom of the can.  Hmmm.  More brain power needed: “Jody, do you have a thimble?”  “Yeah.  In the sewing kit downstairs, on the ironing board.” Descending gracefully, I located said ironing board but no sewing kit.  After much pulling out of cabinet drawers and generally messing around, I remembered that I had ironed a shirt a few weeks ago and had taken stuff off the board.  Lifting this and lifting that, I found the kit on the bottom of the pile.  Inside  was my choice of thimbles.  I grabbed the smallest one and jaunted upstairs with fire in my heart.

I decided to scrape mustard seeds off the table in hundreds > big bowl > dessert cup > funnel over thimble > pour.  Unfortunately, this was a very old thimble, with an uneven base.  Three times it spilled as I funnelized hundred by hundred.  My goodness.  Jody, avid nutcracker that she was, took a moment or two to check out the feverish and flawed determination of her lovely husband.  She didn’t say a thing, though.

***

Well, whoever you are out there in WordPress land, I have a lot more to say about this adventure of the mind and knife, but I’m falling asleep.  So I’ll continue the story tomorrow.  This evening I just wanted to plant a seed.

Good night.  Sweet dreams.

 

 

May

May you be free from danger
May you be happy
May you be healthy
May you live with ease

I think “may” is a fine word.  It’s about sending out a wish that the powers of the universe allow something to happen.  I’m not gritting my teeth and muttering “This will happen” or “I’ll make it happen”.  No, it’s a completely different type of energy, hands open rather than fisted, a deep letting go.

The Buddha taught the world the phrases you see above, and they’ve been voiced by countless people over the centuries.  The practice is called “metta”, and has been described as a warm rain falling gently upon all of us – no one left out.  It’s also referred to as lovingkindness.

I’ve practiced metta in many locales, including between periods at London’s hockey arena.  I wander the concourse, past the long lineups for burgers and beer, and simply say the words silently, wishing everyone well.  Only the occasional person looks back, and that’s fine.  I don’t need to be recognized and acknowledged for what I’m doing.  It’s not about anything good coming back to me.  But of course good does return my way, as an effortless flow.

***

May you be free from danger

Every day I inject a syringe of Fragmin into Jody’s stomach to dissolve her blood clots.  And many times Jody has been in pain as a result.  It makes me very sad, and scared about the next time.  I do my best and sometimes that’s not good enough.  Jody, may you be free from pain and the danger of cancer.  I pray.  And there is a kind of benign response returning to me from … somewhere.

May you be happy

I have a friend who’s depressed.  Trevor is sad about some poor decisions he’s made in life – financial, interpersonal, self-critical.  His conversation is often peppered with little digs at himself.  He doesn’t like being around other people, especially large numbers of them.  He’s lonely.  Trevor, may you see that you’re a struggling human being, just like the rest of us, no better and no worse.  May you forgive yourself for the mistakes you’ve made and look to the future with a smile.

May you be healthy

My friend Marie suffers from multiple sclerosis.  She used to host Jody and me at dinner parties, where she’d smile up a storm and regale us with tales of life in France.  Now she’s in a nursing home where she has little shortterm memory and needs heavy care.  Marie, may health return to your body and soul.  Even if the disease continues its progression, may you enjoy good times with your family and friends.

May you live with ease

I know a man who supervises many employees.  Whether as a result of his childhood or more recent traumas, he wraps himself up with tension, and feels the need to restrict the freedom of others.  As powerful as he is, fear follows him everywhere.  Peter, may you come to breathe easy and trust the gifts of those around you to get the job done.  And may you walk softly in the world.

***

Hand in hand
Heart to heart
Soul to soul
Come what may

Silent Poet Klaus

Driving (Part Two)

Since 1994, Jody and I have driven to work north from Union, Ontario through St. Thomas to London.  The speed limit on the two-lane road is 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph).  For the first year or two, I zipped along at 85 – nice and peaceful.  One day though, I noticed that a car was tailgating me for part of the way.  Days later, someone else did the same thing.  Then it was every day.  Where, oh where, did my little peace go?

At some point, I decided to up my speed to 90.  Ahhh.  Back to a gentle experience of driving.  Maybe around 2000, however, the space to my rear started filling up again with bumper after bumper.  And so it continued.  I’ve valiantly resisted the temptation to push things to 100.  Instead, I get to feel the press of society most days on Wellington Road South, and to let the feelings waft over me … minutes of frustration, pings of anger, and eventually a recurring sadness.  Who have we become?  Where are we going?  And why is it better to get there fast?

I see the good and the bad on the roads.  People allowing the first car coming out of a hospital parking lot at rush hour to merge into the traffic flow.  Letting a left-turning driver facing you complete the move, releasing them and the pent-up parade of cars behind to go on their way.  Waving to a kind motorist after a good deed performed.  All of these actions gladden my heart.  We take care of each other.

And then again, what about the speedster who roars past me on the shoulder when I’m turning left?  Or the oblivious one who blocks an intersection?  Or the sudden lane changer who makes me exercise my braking ability?  I contract.  I sweat.  It’s a “you or me” world.

I love driving.  I love placing my hands on the wheel just as I have for five decades – left hand lower than the right.  That feels so comfy, and is a tradition that I hope to carry into my 80s.  I love the slow acceleration from a new green light, feeling the engine, sensing the “rightness” of the transition.  I love the smooth flow of Hugo or Scarlet on a curve.  I love saying hi to the horses and cows lounging in the roadside fields.  I love coming upon license plates that I recognize on my commutes.  It’s like I know the occupants of those vehicles.  I love being with Hugo in London, Bayfield, Toronto, Nova Scotia and Massachusetts, returning to a parking lot and finding my old friend there.

Sitting, walking and lying down meditation are all lovely.  So, I’ve found, is driving meditation.  Can I be present as the rest of the motorized world seems to be creeping up to that red light?  How about when the gentleman or lady ahead is going 20 kph below the speed limit on a sunny July day?  Or a Costco customer has taken up two parking spaces with his singular conveyance?  All grist for the mill.  Go, my dear Hugo, go.  It’s a wonderful world.

All Beings Everywhere

Like you, I had to choose a user name when I joined WordPress.  I tried “Brucio” but that was already taken.  Maybe I would have to go with”Brucio47″ to get the name accepted.  And I sure didn’t want that.  Part of the reason I started writing was to express ever more parts of what is both uniquely me and also inherent in all of us -47 made me cringe.

So … what word or words sing to me, I asked.  For a few minutes nothing came, and I was strangely okay with that.  I’ve learned to trust myself that ideas will be revealed.  And on June 15 or so, they did.  “All beings everywhere.”  May I honour them all – human, animal, insect.  And beyond that.  The Buddha described people in various ways.  Pairs of words that pointed to the beauty of us all.  I’d like to share his ideas with you, and see what bubbles up from me, so I may embrace each of God’s creatures.  Here goes:

All beings near and far

All beings known and unknown

All beings born and unborn

All beings from the north, south, east and west

All beings happy and unhappy

All beings enlightened and unenlightened

All beings male and female

All beings young and old

All beings physical and non-physical

All beings well and infirm

All beings “attractive” and “unattractive”

All beings here and there

All beings wealthy and poor

All beings of the land, air and water

All beings of the universe

All beings warm-blooded and cold

All beings strong and weak

All beings timid and brave

All beings assertive and withdrawn

All beings calm and anxious

All beings fashionable and unfashionable

All beings cool and nerdy

All beings fast and slow

All beings eloquent and tongue-tied

All beings sensitive and insensitive

All beings kind and cruel

All beings comfortable and in pain

All beings white, brown and black

All beings industrious and lazy

All beings intelligent and a little slow

All beings spontaneous and reticent

All beings able and disabled

All beings sighted and blind

All beings free and enslaved

All beings living in houses, apartments, group homes, and on the street

All beings worldly and local

All beings cold and warm

All beings fit and unfit

All beings fat and thin

All beings with hair black, brown, red, and none at all

All beings mobile and immobile

All beings generous and hoarding

All beings right-handed and left-handed

All beings who dance and those who don’t

All beings well fed and hungry

All beings included and excluded

All beings who say “yes” and those who say “no”

All beings who deserve love

All beings who want to be happy

All beings who suffer

All beings

 

 

 

 

 

 

Symphony

Perhaps it’s all music to the ears

A cellist playing the sublime melody of “The Swan”

The squeal of tires at the Monaco Grand Prix

Birdsong at dawn

A soloist singing “Amazing Grace” at a funeral Mass

The patter of raindrops on a tin roof

The moans of a mother during childbirth

Springsteen belting out “Badlands” in Barcelona to thousands of jumping up fans

Foster Hewitt shouting “He shoots, he scores!” after every goal at Toronto Maple Leaf hockey games in the 60s

The roar of an avalanche sweeping across a glacier near Lake Louise, Alberta

The whisper of “I love you” from one dear one to the other

The frenzy of three accordion players in Quebec City (definitely not “oom pah pah”)

Thousands of Brazilian fans singing their national anthem at the World Cup

The whistle of a steam locomotive crossing the far field of grandpa’s farm

The asthma patient’s wheezing as she climbs the stairs of her home

The song of crickets at twilight

The pitter patter of little feet on the hardwood

Jackie Evancho silencing the Christmas shoppers in Chicago with “O Holy Night”

The agonized scream of stitches coming out too late

The rustle of turning pages as a Constant Reader devours a Stephen King novel

Steaks sizzling on a barbeque

The soft whump of a volleyball lofted into the air for a teammate

The mutter of a jet engine passing 30,000 feet above me

The wind singing through the pines around a Canadian Rockies campfire

“F___ off!”

The tinkle of a coin dropped into a beggar’s cup

Silence